Introduction to Postcolonialism

 Q1: Colonialism is defined as “control by one power over a dependent area or people.”

Q2: post-colonialism: Broadly a study of the effects of colonialism on cultures and societies. It is concerned with both how European nations conquered and controlled "Third World" cultures and how these groups have since responded to and resisted those encroachments.

Q3:  Paul Gilroy said that the idea is that colonial discourses continue to inform contemporary attitudes to race and ethnicity in the postcolonial era. the idea that civilization-ism constructs racial hierarchies and sets up binary oppositions based on notions of otherness.

Q4: The term Othering or Otherizing describes the reductive action of labeling and defining a person as a subaltern native, as someone who belongs to the socially subordinate category of the Other.

Q5: I can't access the files but a very good example of othering in the media are the Palestinian citizens who are labeled as terrorists another typical stereotype of Muslims and the casual Islamophobia in media especially social networks like Twitter and Instagram.

Q6: . E.B. Du Bois introduced double consciousness in 1903. Double consciousness describes the feeling that you have more than one social identity, which makes it difficult to develop a sense of self.

Q7: A racial hierarchy is a system of stratification that is based on the belief that some racial groups are superior to other racial groups like the nazis.

Q8: A good example that challenges racial hierarchy is the rom-com movie Rye Lane a predominantly black cast that celebrates black culture and challenges the idea of superiority of race typically white supremacy.